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Mbongeni Ngema, a South African playwright, lyricist and director whose stage works, together with the Tony-nominated musical “Sarafina!,” challenged and mocked his homeland’s longtime coverage of racial apartheid, died on Wednesday in a hospital in Mbizana, South Africa, after a automotive accident. He was 68.
Mr. Ngema was a passenger in a automotive that was struck head on when he was getting back from a funeral in Lusikisiki, in Japanese Cape Province, in accordance with a household assertion cited within the South African information media.
“His masterfully inventive narration of our liberation battle honored the humanity of oppressed South Africans and uncovered the inhumanity of an oppressive regime,” President Cyril Ramaphosa of South Africa stated in a publish on X after Mr. Ngema’s demise.
Within the decade earlier than the discharge of Nelson Mandela from jail in 1990 and the dismantling of apartheid within the early ’90s, the South African system of institutionalized racism was an amazing concern to Mr. Ngema. Throughout that decade he cocreated the play “Woza Albert!,” wrote and directed the play “Asinamali!” and wrote the script and collaborated on the music for “Sarafina!”
“Sarafina!” advanced out of a dialog he had within the Eighties with Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, a distinguished anti-apartheid activist who was then married to Mandela.
“I used to be sitting with Mama Winnie Mandela, and I began considering, ‘This nation is in flames,’” he advised the South African tv present “The Insider SA” in 2022. “So I requested a query. I stated, ‘Mama, what do you suppose is lastly going to occur to this nation?’
“Mama checked out me, and he or she stated, ‘I want I had a giant blanket to cowl the faces of the little ones so they don’t see that bitter finish.’”
Mr. Ngema quickly started to examine younger folks, operating and singing “Freedom Is Coming Tomorrow,” a tune that he would write for “Sarafina!,” a musical that follows Black highschool college students within the township of Soweto in 1976 throughout the rebellion towards the federal government’s imposition of Afrikaans, somewhat than English, because the official language in faculties.
“Sarafina!” opened in Johannesburg in 1987. It moved that fall to the Mitzi E. Newhouse Theater at Lincoln Middle after which, in early 1988, to Broadway, on the Cort Theater, the place it performed 597 performances.
In his assessment of the manufacturing on the Newhouse, Frank Wealthy of The New York Occasions wrote that Mr. Ngema had “introduced forth a musical that transmutes the oppression of Black townships into liberating singing and dancing that almost raises the theater’s roof.”
The rating, he added, “evokes the cacophony of life in a Black society each oppressed and defiant, directly sentenced to onerous labor and ignited by desires of social justice.”
“Sarafina!” obtained 5 Tony nominations, together with three for Mr. Ngema: for finest course of a musical (received by Harold Prince for “The Phantom of the Opera”), finest authentic rating (received by Stephen Sondheim for “Into the Woods”) and finest choreography, which he shared with Ndaba Mhlongo (received by Michael Smuin for “Something Goes”).
“Sarafina!” was additionally nominated for finest musical and finest featured actress in a musical.
It was tailored as a movie in 1992, starring Leleti Khumalo, who had starred within the South African and Broadway productions, with Whoopi Goldberg as an inspirational trainer and the singer-songwriter Miriam Makeba as Sarafina’s mom.
Mbongeni Ngema (pronounced mmm-bon-GEN-i nnn-GAY-ma) was born on June 1, 1955, in Verulam, a city north of Durban.
In keeping with his official biography for the movie “Sarafina!,” he was separated from his mother and father at 11, then lived for a time with prolonged household in Zululand and afterward his personal within the poor neighborhoods round Durban. From age 12, he taught himself to play guitar.
“After I grew up all I needed to be was a musician, and I used to be influenced significantly by the Beatles,” he stated on “The Insider SA.”
Working in a fertilizer manufacturing facility within the mid-Seventies, a fellow employee requested him to play guitar to accompany a play he had written.
“After which I fell in love with the a part of the lead character within the play,” he advised the journal Africa Report in 1987. “When he was onstage, I might mimic him backstage — making the opposite musicians giggle.” One night time, when the actor didn’t present up, he performed the function.
Mr. Ngema and the playwright started to collaborate, which led Mr. Ngema to start out directing and writing his personal small items. In 1979, he started working in Johannesburg with Gibson Kente, a playwright and composer, to grasp the magic in his productions. After two years, he left and started working with the performer Percy Mtwa.
He, Mr. Mtwa and Barney Simon created “Woza Albert!,” a satire that imagines the affect of the second coming of a Christ-like determine, Morena, who arrives in South Africa on a jumbo jet from Jerusalem, by the lives of unusual folks, vigorously performed over the course of 80 minutes by Mr. Ngema and Mr. Mtwa.
The white authorities tries to take advantage of Morena, then labels him a Communist and locks him up on Robben Island, the place Mandela and different political prisoners have been incarcerated.
The play opened in South Africa in 1981 and was staged over the subsequent three years in Europe, Off Broadway on the Lucille Lortel Theater and round america.
In The Washington Put up, the critic David Richards wrote in 1984 that “Woza Albert!” “tackles such harsh realities as injustice, poverty and apartheid in South Africa, however does so with way more spirit, humor and, sure, hope, than the topic typically conjures up.” He added that “with solely their fantastic, wide-eyed expertise,” Mr. Mtwa and Mr. Ngema “can summon up a panorama, a society, a historical past.”
Mr. Ngema then wrote and directed “Asinamali!” (1983), wherein 5 Black males in a single South African jail cell describe — by performing, dancing, singing and mime — why they have been incarcerated and the way they have been victimized by racist legal guidelines, unemployment and police violence.
The play’s title (which implies “Now we have no cash”) comes from the rallying cry of lease strikers in 1983 within the Lamontville township.
Mr. Ngema stated that “Asinamali!” was alarming sufficient to authorities in Duncan Village, within the Japanese Cape, that they arrested the viewers for attending a efficiency.
“They stated it was an unlawful political gathering,” Mr. Ngema stated in an interview in 2017 on a South African podcast.
He known as “Asinamali!” a celebration of resistance.
“It reveals that irrespective of how dangerous issues get, victory is inevitable,” he advised The Occasions in 1986 throughout rehearsals earlier than the play opened in Harlem on the New Heritage Repertory Theater. “The spirit of the folks shall prevail.”
Later that 12 months, “Asinamali!” was a part of a South African theater competition at Lincoln Middle.
Info on Mr. Ngema’s survivors was not instantly obtainable. His marriage to Ms. Khumalo, the star of “Sarafina!,” resulted in divorce.
Mr. Ngema, who wrote a number of different performs, was concerned in an argument in 1996 when his sequel to “Sarafina!,” “Sarafina 2” — commissioned by the South African Well being Division to lift consciousness in regards to the AIDS epidemic — led to a authorities corruption investigation over accusations that its price was an extreme “unauthorized expenditure” and that its message was insufficient.
He defended the present’s price ticket, saying it was essential to carry Broadway-quality reveals to Black townships.
“Individuals have stated it’s a waste of presidency cash,” Mr. Ngema advised The Related Press in 1996. “It suppose that’s a silly criticism.”
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